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Archive

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Dennis McGilvray

2014 | Kerala, Sri Lanka

A matrilineal Sufi shaykh in Sri Lanka

South Asian History and Culture 5, 2: 246-261.

Archive
Article

Property Dispute, Registration

1936 | India, Kerala

A.Ibrahimkutty vs The District Registrar (General)

Kerala High Court

Archive
Legal Case

D4Media

2017 | India, Kerala

Ansiya Rahman (Ph.D Candidate, School of Economics, Central University of Kerala)

Archive
Video

V. Vijayakumar

1999 | India

Customary Laws of Lakshadweep islands

Cochin University of Science and Technology

Archive
Dissertation

João de Sous

1790 | India

Documentos Arabicos

Academia Real das Sciencias

Archive
Book

Stefan Amirell

2015 | Arabia, Cambodia, Comoros, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania

Female Rule in the Indian Ocean World (1300–1900)

Journal of World History 26, no. 3: 443-489.

Archive
Article

Liazzat Bonate

2017 | India, Indonesia, Kerala, Mozambique

Islam and Matriliny along the Indian Ocean Rim: Revisiting the Old ‘Paradox’ by Comparing the Minangkabau, Kerala and the Coastal Northern Mozambique.

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 48, no.3: 436-451.

Archive
Article

Aleena Sebastian

2016 | India, Kerala

Matrilineal Practices along the Coasts of Malabar

Sociological Bulletin

Archive
Article

Aleena Sebastian

2013 | India, Kerala

Matrilineal practices among Koyas of Kozhikode

Journal of South Asian Studies

Archive
Article

Fathima T.

2014 | India, Kerala

Matriliny Favours Women: Reality or Myth?

Mahatma Gandhi University

Archive
Dissertation

Bindu Malieckal

2005 | India, Kerala

Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India

The Muslim World 95 no. 2: 297-316.

Archive
Article

Ansiya Rahiman

2017 | India

Political Economy of Migration in Muslim Matrilineal Families of Kerala

Arts & Education International Research Journal

Research
Article
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