Skip to content
Matriarchal Islam
  • About
    • Project
    • Scholars
    • Institutions
  • Archive
    • Books
    • Articles
    • Dissertations
    • Legal Cases
    • Images
    • Videos
  • Communities
    • India
    • Sri Lanka
    • Indonesia
    • Malaysia
    • Mozambique
    • Comoros
    • Tanzania
    • More
  • Research
    • Books
    • Articles
    • Images
    • Videos
  • Events
  • Blog
  • Search
Q2luemVsK0RlY29yYXRpdmU6cmVndWxhcg==
.wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 3) { grid-column: 3 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { grid-column: 4 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .js-wpv-loop-wrapper > .tb-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr);grid-column-gap: 10px;grid-auto-flow: row } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);grid-column-gap: 5px; } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry .tb-brick__content { padding: 0 0 5px 0; } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .wpv-collage { grid-column-gap: 15px;grid-row-gap: 15px; } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] { margin-bottom: 25px;grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr) minmax(0, 0.25fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 3) { grid-column: 3 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(4n + 4) { grid-column: 4 } .wpv-custom-search-filter-reset[data-toolset-views-custom-search-reset="ca569d615ce60b3b0913f0ad2d7c38e7"] { text-align: left; } .wpv-custom-search-filter-reset[data-toolset-views-custom-search-reset="ca569d615ce60b3b0913f0ad2d7c38e7"] .wpv-reset-trigger { color: rgba( 242, 242, 242, 1 );background-color: rgba( 109, 33, 60, 1 ); } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="3034fbe886c11054e95b46b09d3e4112"] { display: flex; } h2.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="05149377a24fe41ed13fbd780784cd08"]  { font-size: 72px;font-family: Cinzel Decorative;color: rgba( 239, 206, 127, 1 );text-align: center; } h2.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="05149377a24fe41ed13fbd780784cd08"] a  { color: rgba( 239, 206, 127, 1 ); } .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] { text-align: center;justify-content: center; } .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] .page-item a.page-link, .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] .wpv-filter-pagination-link, .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] span.wpv-filter-previous-link, .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] span.wpv-filter-next-link { font-size: 20px;color: rgba( 26, 26, 26, 1 );background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 );margin-right: 5px;margin-left: 5px;border: 0px solid rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );border-radius: 10px; } .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] .page-item a.page-link:hover, .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] a.wpv-filter-pagination-link:hover { color: rgba( 26, 26, 26, 1 );background-color: rgba( 239, 206, 127, 1 );box-shadow: 0 0 3px 0 rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.5 ); } .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] .page-item.active span.page-link, .wpv-pagination-nav-links[data-toolset-views-view-pagination-block="1b1264aa10dd7301b3001134ab4eefff"] .wpv-pagination-nav-links-item-current span.wpv-filter-pagination-link { font-size: 24px;color: rgba( 242, 242, 242, 1 );background-color: rgba( 109, 33, 60, 1 );border: 0px solid rgba( 0, 0, 0, 1 );border-radius: 5px;box-shadow: 0 0 3px 0 rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.5 ); } .wpv-block-loop-item[data-toolset-views-view-template-block="3d8ed1b0c570542ee3f832bb6d15c313"] { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 1 ); } .tb-container[data-toolset-blocks-container="c3698bdbc3d7e7dc56dc40535759f9a2"] { border-radius: 5px;padding: 25px;margin: 25px;box-shadow: 0 0 6px 0 rgba( 0, 0, 0, 0.5 );border-bottom: 5px solid rgba( 109, 33, 60, 1 ); } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.5fr) minmax(0, 0.5fr);grid-column-gap: 0px;grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="f4fae76fc194652fa500ccc687cc1e06"] { font-size: 14px;text-align: right;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0; } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="cd6e58c5387b4bd3fc958f739432b196"] { display: flex; } .tb-field[data-toolset-blocks-field="6bddf5cc9f259d62a06c0956941a4b30"] { font-size: 14px;margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="dbaab0cc49e9b3f28936970560652566"] { font-size: 14px;margin-bottom: 20px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba( 217, 217, 217, 1 ); } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="dbaab0cc49e9b3f28936970560652566"] p { font-size: 14px; } h4.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="1ad084bfeeb6f5482739f41a7a23e394"]  { font-size: 16px;text-align: left; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="d22782f54f1411afb62876908dcedb36"] { font-size: 14px;border-bottom: 1px solid rgba( 217, 217, 217, 1 ); } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="d22782f54f1411afb62876908dcedb36"] p { font-size: 14px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="6e79e2a117aa04d4e3178870e85c3271"] { font-size: 14px; } .tb-fields-and-text[data-toolset-blocks-fields-and-text="6e79e2a117aa04d4e3178870e85c3271"] p { font-size: 14px; } .wpv-sorting-block[data-toolset-views-sorting="dd2ff1ff58439bf4818bde8029d340e5"] .wpv-sorting-block-item.wpv-sorting-block-label { margin-right: 10px; } @media only screen and (max-width: 781px) { .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .js-wpv-loop-wrapper > .tb-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.5fr) minmax(0, 0.5fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);grid-column-gap: 5px; } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry .tb-brick__content { padding: 0 0 5px 0; } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.3333fr) minmax(0, 0.3333fr) minmax(0, 0.3333fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(3n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(3n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(3n + 3) { grid-column: 3 } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="3034fbe886c11054e95b46b09d3e4112"] { display: flex; } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.5fr) minmax(0, 0.5fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="cd6e58c5387b4bd3fc958f739432b196"] { display: flex; }  } @media only screen and (max-width: 599px) { .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor  > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(1n+1) { grid-column: 1 } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .js-wpv-loop-wrapper > .tb-grid { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr) minmax(0, 1fr);grid-column-gap: 5px; } .wp-block-toolset-views-wpa-editor .tb-masonry .tb-brick__content { padding: 0 0 5px 0; } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"] { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 1fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="6d40a95637dcf51d579938e78db29609"]  > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(1n+1) { grid-column: 1 } .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="a0b4ddc00b26a26e08d9690d2c3771ab"] input, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="a0b4ddc00b26a26e08d9690d2c3771ab"] button, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="a0b4ddc00b26a26e08d9690d2c3771ab"] select, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="a0b4ddc00b26a26e08d9690d2c3771ab"] textarea { border: 1px solid rgba( 140, 140, 140, 1 ); } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="3034fbe886c11054e95b46b09d3e4112"] { display: flex; } .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="e548c7a9f2584e5a164cbfcc5b2558a5"] input, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="e548c7a9f2584e5a164cbfcc5b2558a5"] button, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="e548c7a9f2584e5a164cbfcc5b2558a5"] select, .wpv-custom-search-filter[data-toolset-views-custom-search-filter="e548c7a9f2584e5a164cbfcc5b2558a5"] textarea { border: 1px solid rgba( 140, 140, 140, 1 ); } h2.tb-heading[data-toolset-blocks-heading="05149377a24fe41ed13fbd780784cd08"]  { font-size: 48px; } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] { grid-template-columns: minmax(0, 0.5fr) minmax(0, 0.5fr);grid-auto-flow: row } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 1) { grid-column: 1 } .tb-grid[data-toolset-blocks-grid="e219a3c6c4307a57870802b1b46a7994"] > .tb-grid-column:nth-of-type(2n + 2) { grid-column: 2 } .tb-grid-column[data-toolset-blocks-grid-column="cd6e58c5387b4bd3fc958f739432b196"] { display: flex; }  } 

Archive

« Main Archive

Dennis McGilvray

2014 | Kerala, Sri Lanka

A matrilineal Sufi shaykh in Sri Lanka

South Asian History and Culture 5, 2: 246-261.

Archive
Article

Property Dispute, Registration

1936 | India, Kerala

A.Ibrahimkutty vs The District Registrar (General)

Kerala High Court

Archive
Legal Case

D4Media

2017 | India, Kerala

Ansiya Rahman (Ph.D Candidate, School of Economics, Central University of Kerala)

Archive
Video

V. Vijayakumar

1999 | India

Customary Laws of Lakshadweep islands

Cochin University of Science and Technology

Archive
Dissertation

João de Sous

1790 | India

Documentos Arabicos

Academia Real das Sciencias

Archive
Book

Stefan Amirell

2015 | Arabia, Cambodia, China, Comoros, India, Indonesia, Kenya, Malawi, Malaysia, Mozambique, Somalia, Sudan, Tanzania

Female Rule in the Indian Ocean World (1300–1900)

Journal of World History 26, no. 3: 443-489.

Archive
Article

Liazzat Bonate

2017 | India, Indonesia, Kerala, Mozambique

Islam and Matriliny along the Indian Ocean Rim: Revisiting the Old ‘Paradox’ by Comparing the Minangkabau, Kerala and the Coastal Northern Mozambique.

Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 48, no.3: 436-451.

Archive
Article

Aleena Sebastian

2016 | India, Kerala

Matrilineal Practices along the Coasts of Malabar

Sociological Bulletin

Archive
Article

Aleena Sebastian

2013 | India, Kerala

Matrilineal practices among Koyas of Kozhikode

Journal of South Asian Studies

Archive
Article

Fathima T.

2014 | India, Kerala

Matriliny Favours Women: Reality or Myth?

Mahatma Gandhi University

Archive
Dissertation

Bindu Malieckal

2005 | India, Kerala

Muslims, Matriliny, and A Midsummer Night’s Dream: European Encounters with the Mappilas of Malabar, India

The Muslim World 95 no. 2: 297-316.

Archive
Article

Ansiya Rahiman

2017 | India

Political Economy of Migration in Muslim Matrilineal Families of Kerala

Arts & Education International Research Journal

Research
Article
  • 1
  • 2

Leiden University Room No. 0.09b,
Matthias de Vrieshof 4 2311 BZ Leiden,
The Netherlands

Phone: +31 715277698
Email: mahmoodpana@gmail.com

Privacy Policy
  • Matrilineal Muslims and their Uses of Islamic Legal Past
    event
  • Ocean’s Gender: Towards a Gendered History of the Indian Ocean
    event
  • Customizing Sharia: Matrilineal Muslims and Islamic Law in the Indian Ocean Littoral
    event
▼